In Texas, data submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reveals that 49 public water utility systems have surpassed the EPA’s first-ever limits for five forever chemicals in drinking water. These substances, known as PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances), are widespread and persist in the environment indefinitely. The term forever chemicals stems from their resistance to breaking down in water, soil, and even human blood.

What Are PFAS Chemicals?

PFAS chemicals have been utilized since the 1940s for their ability to repel oil and water and resist heat. They have been incorporated into numerous household and industrial products, ranging from nonstick cookware to firefighting foam. Despite there being over 12,000 types of individual PFAS chemicals, the EPA recently set new limits for five of them:

• PFOA and PFOS: 4 parts per trillion limit
• PFHxS, PFNA, and HFPO-DA: 10 parts per trillion limit

To put this into perspective, one part per trillion is akin to a single drop of water in 20 Olympic-sized swimming pools.

Health Risks and Regulatory Response

Exposure to PFAS has been linked to various health issues, including cancer, low birth weight, liver damage, and immune system disruption. Recognizing the severity of the situation, the EPA aims to reduce exposure for 100 million people nationwide through these new standards, estimated to prevent thousands of deaths and illnesses, including cancer.

Current Situation and Actions Taken

While more than 420 public water systems in Texas have submitted PFAS results to the EPA, only about 24% of national data has been submitted so far. Of those systems in Texas, nearly 50 have reported exceeding the EPA’s limits for PFAS chemicals.

Cities such as Fort Worth have already begun addressing the issue. The Fort Worth Water Department, serving over 1.3 million people, found three of the five regulated contaminants exceeding limits in its water treatment plants. The city is exploring various treatment methods, including activated carbon, to remove PFAS from its water supply.

Challenges Ahead

The cost of implementing these treatment measures is substantial, with estimates reaching billions of dollars annually nationwide. Federal funding allocated through the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law falls short of covering these expenses, potentially leading to increased water rates or legal action against chemical manufacturers.

Conclusion: Urgent Action Required

As Texas and the nation grapple with the pervasive presence of PFAS in drinking water, urgent action is necessary to safeguard public health. Cities, water utilities, and regulatory agencies must work collaboratively to implement effective treatment measures and ensure access to safe drinking water for all residents.

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